6 Oktoba 2021
Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal Swedish ta yanke shawarar ba da lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin Chemistry 2021 zuwa
Benjamin List
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Jamus
David WC MacMillan
Jami'ar Princeton, Amurka
"don ci gaban asymmetric organocatalysis"
Kayan aiki mai fasaha don gina kwayoyin halitta
Gina kwayoyin halitta fasaha ce mai wahala.Benjamin List da David MacMillan an ba su lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin Chemistry 2021 don haɓaka ainihin sabon kayan aiki don ginin ƙwayoyin cuta: organocatalysis.Wannan ya yi tasiri sosai a kan binciken harhada magunguna, kuma ya sa kimiyyar ta zama kore.
Yawancin wuraren bincike da masana'antu sun dogara da ikon masanan kimiyya don gina kwayoyin halitta waɗanda zasu iya samar da kayan roba da dorewa, adana makamashi a cikin batura ko hana ci gaban cututtuka.Wannan aikin yana buƙatar masu haɓakawa, waɗanda abubuwa ne waɗanda ke sarrafawa da haɓaka halayen sinadarai, ba tare da zama ɓangare na samfurin ƙarshe ba.Misali, masu kara kuzari a cikin motoci suna canza abubuwa masu guba a cikin hayakin da suke sha zuwa kwayoyin halitta marasa lahani.Jikinmu kuma ya ƙunshi dubban abubuwan da ke haifar da kuzari a cikin nau'in enzymes, waɗanda ke fitar da kwayoyin da ake bukata don rayuwa.
Don haka masu haɓakawa sune kayan aiki masu mahimmanci ga masanan, amma masu bincike sun daɗe sun yi imanin cewa akwai, a ka'ida, kawai nau'ikan abubuwan haɓakawa guda biyu: ƙarfe da enzymes.Benjamin List da David MacMillan sun sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a Chemistry 2021 saboda a cikin 2000, masu zaman kansu, sun haɓaka nau'in catalysis na uku.Ana kiransa asymmetric organocatalysis kuma yana ginuwa akan ƙananan kwayoyin halitta.
Johan Åqvist, wanda shi ne shugaban Kwamitin Noble don Chemistry ya ce: “Wannan ra’ayi mai sauƙi ne kamar yadda yake da hazaka, kuma gaskiyar ita ce, mutane da yawa sun yi mamakin dalilin da ya sa ba mu yi tunaninsa da farko ba.
Abubuwan haɓakawa na halitta suna da tsayayyen tsarin carbon atom, wanda ƙarin ƙungiyoyin sinadarai masu aiki zasu iya haɗawa.Wadannan sau da yawa sun ƙunshi abubuwa gama gari kamar oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur ko phosphorus.Wannan yana nufin cewa waɗannan abubuwan haɓaka suna da alaƙa da muhalli kuma suna da arha don samarwa.
Saurin faɗaɗawa a cikin amfani da ƙwayoyin halitta da farko shine saboda ikon su na fitar da catalysis asymmetric.Lokacin da ake gina kwayoyin halitta, sau da yawa yanayi yakan faru inda kwayoyin halitta daban-daban guda biyu zasu iya samuwa, wadanda - kamar hannayenmu - su ne hoton madubin juna.Masanan kimiyya sau da yawa za su so ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan, musamman lokacin samar da magunguna.
Organocatalysis ya ci gaba a cikin sauri mai ban mamaki tun 2000. Benjamin List da David MacMillan sun kasance jagorori a fagen, kuma sun nuna cewa za a iya amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta don fitar da nau'ikan halayen sinadarai.Yin amfani da waɗannan halayen, masu bincike yanzu za su iya inganta kowane abu daga sababbin magunguna zuwa kwayoyin da za su iya ɗaukar haske a cikin ƙwayoyin rana.Ta wannan hanyar, organocatalysts suna kawo babbar fa'ida ga ɗan adam.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-15-2021