6 Lub Kaum Hli 2021
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences tau txiav txim siab muab qhov khoom plig Nobel hauv Chemistry 2021 rau
Benjamin lis
Max-Planck-Institut rau Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Lub teb chaws Yelemees
David WC MacMillan
Princeton University, USA
"rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm asymmetric organocatalysis"
Ib qho cuab yeej ingenious rau tsim molecules
Lub tsev molecules yog ib qho nyuaj kos duab.Benjamin List thiab David MacMillan tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel nqi zog hauv Chemistry 2021 rau lawv txoj kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej tshiab rau kev tsim kho molecular: organocatalysis.Qhov no tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev tshawb fawb tshuaj, thiab ua rau chemistry ntsuab.
Ntau qhov chaw tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam yog nyob ntawm cov kws tshuaj muaj peev xwm los tsim cov molecules uas tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv elastic thiab ruaj khov, khaws cia lub zog hauv cov roj teeb lossis inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yuav tsum muaj cov catalysts, uas yog cov tshuaj uas tswj thiab ua kom cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, tsis ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom kawg.Piv txwv li, catalysts nyob rau hauv lub tsheb hloov cov tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv cov pa fumes mus rau harmless molecules.Peb lub cev kuj muaj ntau txhiab catalysts nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm enzymes, uas chisel tawm cov molecules tsim nyog rau lub neej.
Catalysts yog li cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau chemists, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb ntev ntseeg tias muaj, nyob rau hauv txoj cai, tsuas yog ob hom catalysts muaj: hlau thiab enzymes.Benjamin List thiab David MacMillan tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel nqi zog hauv Chemistry 2021 vim tias xyoo 2000 lawv, ywj pheej ntawm ib leeg, tsim ib hom thib peb ntawm catalysis.Nws yog hu ua asymmetric organocatalysis thiab ua raws li cov organic molecules me me.
Johan Åqvist, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm Nobel Committee rau Chemistry hais tias "Lub tswv yim no rau catalysis yog qhov yooj yim raws li nws yog ingenious, thiab qhov tseeb yog tias ntau tus neeg tau xav tias yog vim li cas peb tsis xav txog nws ua ntej,"
Organic catalysts muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms, uas muaj ntau pawg tshuaj muaj peev xwm txuas tau.Cov no feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur lossis phosphorus.Qhov no txhais tau tias cov catalysts no yog ob qho tib si ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab pheej yig los tsim.
Kev nthuav dav sai hauv kev siv cov organic catalysts feem ntau yog vim lawv lub peev xwm los tsav asymmetric catalysis.Thaum cov molecules tab tom tsim, cov xwm txheej feem ntau tshwm sim qhov twg ob lub molecules sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim, uas - ib yam li peb txhais tes - yog ib leeg daim iav duab.Chemists feem ntau tsuas xav tau ib qho ntawm cov no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsim cov tshuaj.
Organocatalysis tau tsim los ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm txij li xyoo 2000. Benjamin List thiab David MacMillan tseem yog thawj coj hauv thaj teb, thiab tau pom tias cov organic catalysts tuaj yeem siv los tsav cov tshuaj lom neeg ntau ntau.Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no tuaj yeem tsim kho txhua yam los ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab rau cov molecules uas tuaj yeem ntes lub teeb hauv lub hnub ci.Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, organocatalysts yog coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau tib neeg.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-15-2021