Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry 2021 Benjamin List ndi David WC MacMillan

6 Okutobala 2021
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences yasankha kupereka Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry 2021 kwa

Benjamin List
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany

David WC MacMillan
Princeton University, USA

"Kwa chitukuko cha asymmetric organocatalysis"

Chida chanzeru chopangira mamolekyu
Kupanga mamolekyu ndi luso lovuta.Benjamin List ndi David MacMillan alandila Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry 2021 chifukwa chopanga chida cholondola chopangira ma molekyulu: organocatalysis.Izi zakhudza kwambiri kafukufuku wamankhwala, ndipo zapangitsa kuti chemistry ikhale yobiriwira.

Malo ambiri ofufuza ndi mafakitale amadalira luso la akatswiri opanga mankhwala kuti apange mamolekyu omwe amatha kupanga zinthu zotanuka komanso zolimba, kusunga mphamvu mu mabatire kapena kulepheretsa kufalikira kwa matenda.Ntchitoyi imafuna zopangira, zomwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimayendetsa ndi kufulumizitsa kusintha kwa mankhwala, popanda kukhala mbali ya mankhwala omaliza.Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zochititsa mantha m’galimoto zimasintha zinthu zapoizoni muutsi wotuluka muutsi kukhala mamolekyu opanda vuto.Matupi athu alinso ndi masauzande ambiri a zinthu zimene zimachititsa kuti tizikhala ndi moyo.

Motero, zinthu zopatsa mphamvu ndi zida zofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri a zamankhwala, koma ofufuza ankakhulupirira kalekale kuti pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya zinthu zimene zingathandize: zitsulo ndi michere.Benjamin List ndi David MacMillan apatsidwa Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry 2021 chifukwa mu 2000 iwo, osadalirana wina ndi mnzake, adapanga mtundu wachitatu wa catalysis.Imatchedwa asymmetric organocatalysis ndipo imamanga pa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono.

Johan Åqvist, yemwe ndi wapampando wa Komiti ya Nobel ya Chemistry ananena kuti: “Lingaliro la catalysis ndi losavuta monga momwe lilili lanzeru, ndipo zoona zake n’zakuti anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti n’chifukwa chiyani sitinaganizirepo zimenezi poyamba.

organic catalysts ali ndi khola chimango cha maatomu carbon, kumene kwambiri yogwira magulu mankhwala akhoza kulumikiza.Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zodziwika bwino monga mpweya, nayitrogeni, sulfure kapena phosphorous.Izi zikutanthawuza kuti zopangira izi ndizokonda zachilengedwe komanso zotsika mtengo kupanga.

Kukula kofulumira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira organic makamaka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kuyendetsa asymmetric catalysis.Pamene mamolekyu akupangidwa, nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamene mamolekyu awiri osiyana amatha kupanga, omwe - monga manja athu - ali chithunzi cha galasi la wina ndi mzake.Madokotala nthawi zambiri amangofuna imodzi mwa izi, makamaka popanga mankhwala.

Organocatalysis yayamba pa liwiro lodabwitsa kuyambira 2000. Benjamin List ndi David MacMillan akhalabe atsogoleri m'munda, ndipo awonetsa kuti organic catalysts angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyendetsa unyinji wa zochita za mankhwala.Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi, ofufuza tsopano angathe kupanga mwaluso chilichonse, kuyambira mankhwala atsopano mpaka mamolekyu omwe amatha kujambula kuwala m'maselo a dzuwa.Mwanjira imeneyi, organocatalysts akubweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa anthu.