6 Gumiguru 2021
Royal Swedish Academy yeScience yafunga kupa mubairo weNobel muChemistry 2021
Benjamin List
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
David WC MacMillan
Princeton University, USA
"yekuvandudza asymmetric organocatalysis"
Chishandiso chine hungwaru chekugadzira mamorekuru
Kuvaka mamorekuru inyanzvi yakaoma.Benjamin Rondedzero naDavid MacMillan vanopihwa Mubairo weNobel muChemistry 2021 nekugadzira kwavo chishandiso chitsva chaicho chekuvaka mamorekuru: organocatalysis.Izvi zvave nekukanganisa kukuru pakutsvaga kwemishonga, uye zvakaita kuti chemistry iwedzere kusvibirira.
Nzvimbo zhinji dzekutsvagisa uye maindasitiri zvinoenderana nekugona kwemakemikari kugadzira mamorekuru anogona kugadzira elastic uye yakasimba zvinhu, kuchengetedza simba mumabhatiri kana kutadzisa kufambira mberi kwezvirwere.Iri basa rinoda catalysts, izvo zvinhu zvinodzora uye zvinomhanyisa kuita kwemakemikari, pasina kuva chikamu chekupedzisira chigadzirwa.Semuyenzaniso, macatalysts ari mumotokari anoshandura zvinhu zvine chepfu muutsi hunobuditsa kuita mamorekuru asingakuvadzi.Miviri yedu inewo zviuru zvezvinokonzeresa zviri muchimiro chemaenzayimu, anoburitsa mamorekuru anodiwa muupenyu.
Saka maturusi ndiwo maturusi akakosha emakemikari, asi vaongorori vakatenda kwenguva refu kuti, pachokwadi, paingova nemhando mbiri dzezvinokonzeresa: simbi uye maenzayimu.Benjamin List naDavid MacMillan vanopihwa Mubairo weNobel muChemistry 2021 nekuti muna 2000 ivo, vakazvimirira kune mumwe nemumwe, vakagadzira rudzi rwechitatu rwe catalysis.Inonzi asymmetric organocatalysis uye inovaka padiki organic mamorekuru.
“Pfungwa iyi yekugadzira zvinhu yakapfava sezvairi noungwaru, uye chokwadi ndechokuti vanhu vakawanda vakashamisika kuti nei tisina kumbofunga nezvayo kare,” anodaro Johan Åqvist, sachigaro weNobel Committee for Chemistry.
Organic catalysts ine yakagadzika framework yemaatomu ekabhoni, ayo mamwe mapoka emakemikari anoshanda anogona kubatika.Izvi kazhinji zvine zvinhu zvakajairika senge okisijeni, nitrogen, sarufa kana phosphorus.Izvi zvinoreva kuti ma catalysts aya ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye akachipa kugadzira.
Kukurumidza kuwedzera mukushandiswa kwe organic catalysts kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekugona kwavo kutyaira asymmetric catalysis.Kana mamorekuru ari kuvakwa, mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoitika apo mamorekuru maviri akasiyana anogona kuumba, ayo - semaoko edu - ari mufananidzo wegirazi reumwe neumwe.Chemist inowanzongoda imwe yeiyi, kunyanya pakugadzira mishonga.
Organocatalysis yakagadzirwa nekumhanya kunoshamisa kubva 2000. Benjamin List naDavid MacMillan vanoramba vari vatungamiri mumunda, uye vakaratidza kuti organic catalysts inogona kushandiswa kutyaira akawanda emakemikari reactions.Vachishandisa maitiro aya, vaongorori vava kukwanisa kugadzira chero chinhu kubva kumishonga mitsva kusvika kumamorekuru anogona kutora mwenje mumasero ezuva.Nenzira iyi, organocatalysts vari kuunza bhenefiti huru kune vanhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-15-2021