6 Okthobha 2021
IRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences igqibe ekubeni inike ibhaso leNobel kwiChemistry ngo-2021
Uluhlu lukaBhenjamin
IMax-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, eJamani
UDavid WC MacMillan
IYunivesithi yasePrinceton, eU.SA
"kuphuhliso lwe-asymmetric organocatalysis"
Isixhobo esinobuchule sokwakha iimolekyuli
Ukwakha iimolekyuli ngubugcisa obunzima.Uluhlu lukaBenjamin kunye noDavid MacMillan bawongwa ngeBhaso leNobel kwiChemistry ngo-2021 ngophuhliso lwabo lwesixhobo esitsha esichanekileyo sokwakhiwa kweemolekyuli: i-organocatalysis.Oku kube nempembelelo enkulu kuphando lwamachiza, kwaye yenze i-chemistry ibe luhlaza.
Uninzi lwemimandla yophando kunye namashishini axhomekeke kumandla ekhemisti ukwenza iimolekyuli ezinokuthi zenze izinto ezinwebekayo nezihlala ixesha elide, zigcine amandla kwiibhetri okanye zithintele ukuqhubeka kwezifo.Lo msebenzi ufuna i-catalysts, ezizinto ezilawulayo kunye nokukhawuleza ukuphendula kweekhemikhali, ngaphandle kokuba yinxalenye yemveliso yokugqibela.Ngokomzekelo, izinto ezisebenza kwiimoto ziguqula izinto eziyityhefu eziphuma kumsi zibe ziimolekyuli ezingenabungozi.Imizimba yethu ikwaqulathe amawakawaka ee-enzymes, ezikhupha iimolekyuli eziyimfuneko ebomini.
IiCatalysts zizixhobo ezisisiseko zoosokhemisti, kodwa abaphandi kudala bekholelwa ukuba, enyanisweni, zimbini iindidi zezinto ezikhoyo: isinyithi kunye neeenzymes.Uluhlu lukaBenjamin kunye noDavid MacMillan bawongwa ngeBhaso leNobel kwiChemistry ngo-2021 kuba ngo-2000 bona, abazimeleyo omnye komnye, baphuhlise uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-catalysis.Ibizwa ngokuba yi-asymmetric organocatalysis kwaye yakhela phezu kweemolekyuli ezincinci zezinto eziphilayo.
UJohan Åqvist, ongusihlalo weKomiti yeNobel yeKhemistri uthi: “Le ngcamango ye-catalysis ilula njengoko inobuchule, yaye isibakala sikukuba abantu abaninzi baye bazibuza isizathu sokuba singakhange sicinge ngayo ngaphambili.
Ii-catalysts ze-Organic zinesakhelo esizinzileyo se-athomu ye-carbon, apho amaqela asebenzayo amachiza anokuthi anamathele.Ezi zihlala ziqulethe izinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-oksijini, i-nitrogen, isulfure okanye i-phosphorus.Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi zincedisi zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye kutshiphu ukuvelisa.
Ukwandiswa okukhawulezayo kokusetyenziswa kwe-organic catalysts ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokukwazi ukuqhuba i-catalysis ye-asymmetric.Xa kusakhiwa iimolekyuli, iimeko zihlala zisenzeka apho iimolekyuli ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zinokubumba, ezithi-njengezandla zethu-zingumfanekiso wesipili.Oosokhemesti badla ngokufuna enye yezi, ngakumbi xa besenza amayeza.
I-Organocatalysis iye yaphuhliswa ngesantya esimangalisayo ukususela ngo-2000. Uluhlu lukaBenjamin kunye noDavid MacMillan bahlala bekhokela kwintsimi, kwaye baye babonisa ukuba i-organic catalysts ingasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ubuninzi beekhemikhali.Besebenzisa oku kusabela, abaphandi ngoku banokwenza ngokufanelekileyo nantoni na ukusuka kumayeza amatsha ukuya kwiimolekyuli ezinokubamba ukukhanya kwiiseli zelanga.Ngale ndlela, i-organocatalysts izisa eyona nzuzo inkulu eluntwini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-15-2021