6 Okthoba 2021
IRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences inqume ukunikeza uMklomelo KaNobel kuChemistry 2021
Benjamin List
I-Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
UDavid WC MacMillan
I-Princeton University, e-USA
"Ukuthuthukisa i-asymmetric organocatalysis"
Ithuluzi elihlakaniphile lokwakha ama-molecule
Ukwakha ama-molecule kuwubuciko obunzima.Uhlu lukaBenjamin noDavid MacMillan baklonyeliswa ngendondo yeNobel kuChemistry 2021 ngokuthuthukisa kwabo ithuluzi elisha elinembile lokwakhiwa kwamangqamuzana: i-organocatalysis.Lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu ocwaningweni lwezemithi, futhi kwenze i-chemistry yaba luhlaza.
Izindawo eziningi zocwaningo nezimboni zincike emandleni osokhemisi okwakha ama-molecule angenza izinto ezinwebekayo neziqinile, agcine amandla kumabhethri noma avimbele ukuqhubeka kwezifo.Lo msebenzi udinga ama-catalysts, okuyizinto ezilawula futhi zisheshise ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ngaphandle kokuba yingxenye yomkhiqizo wokugcina.Ngokwesibonelo, ama-catalysts asezimotweni ashintsha izinto ezinobuthi eziphuma kusisi ezikhipha intuthu zibe ama-molecule angenangozi.Imizimba yethu futhi iqukethe izinkulungwane zama-catalysts asesimweni sama-enzyme, akhipha ama-molecule adingekayo ekuphileni.
Ngakho-ke ama-catalyst angamathuluzi ayisisekelo osokhemisi, kodwa abacwaningi kudala bekholelwa ukuthi, empeleni, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zama-catalysts ezitholakalayo: izinsimbi nama-enzyme.U-Benjamin List noDavid MacMillan baklonyeliswa ngendondo yeNobel kuChemistry 2021 ngoba ngo-2000, bezimele, bathuthukisa uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-catalysis.Ibizwa nge-asymmetric organocatalysis futhi yakhela phezu kwama-molecule amancane.
“Lo mqondo we-catalysis ulula njengoba uhlakaniphile, futhi iqiniso liwukuthi abantu abaningi baye bazibuza ukuthi kungani singazange sicabange ngawo ngaphambili,” kusho uJohan Åqvist, usihlalo weKomiti YeNobel Yesayensi Yezokwelapha.
Ama-catalyst e-Organic anohlaka oluzinzile lwama-athomu e-carbon, lapho amaqembu amakhemikhali asebenzayo anganamathisela khona.Lezi zivame ukuqukatha izakhi ezivamile ezifana ne-oxygen, i-nitrogen, isulfure noma i-phosphorus.Lokhu kusho ukuthi lawa ma-catalyst ahambisana nemvelo futhi ashibhile ukuwakhiqiza.
Ukwanda okusheshayo kokusetshenziswa kwama-organic catalysts ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yekhono lawo lokushayela i-asymmetric catalysis.Lapho ama-molecule akhiwa, izimo zivame ukwenzeka lapho ama-molecule amabili ahlukene angakha, okuthi - njengezandla zethu - ayisithombe sesibuko somunye.Osokhemisi bazofuna eyodwa kuphela yalezi, ikakhulukazi lapho bekhiqiza imithi.
I-Organocatalysis ithuthuke ngesivinini esimangalisayo kusukela ngo-2000. U-Benjamin List no-David MacMillan basalokhu bengabaholi kulo mkhakha, futhi babonise ukuthi ama-catalysts e-organic angasetshenziswa ukushayela inqwaba yokusabela kwamakhemikhali.Besebenzisa lokhu kusabela, abacwaningi manje sebengakwazi ukwakha ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana noma yini kusukela kwentsha yemithi kuya kuma-molecule akwazi ukuthatha ukukhanya kumaseli elanga.Ngale ndlela, ama-organocatalyst aletha inzuzo enkulu esintwini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-15-2021